French trade unions are joining forces for nationwide strikes and demonstrations for higher wages and in support of the high school protest movement, piling new pressure on the beleaguered government.
After more than a month of regular and large protests across France, major rallies are taking place in Paris, Lyon and Marseille on Thursday, with hundreds of thousands of people likely to turn out.
Unions said that around 260 rallies against rising living costs were due to take place across the country.
Hundreds of schools were closed or could not operate, some because of protests, others because teachers were joining the strike.
Public transportation was heavily disrupted. Police in the north-east city of Strasbourg warned people to be extremely cautious around certain schools.
French interior minister Laurent Nunez said that 70,000 police are being deployed, backed by armoured vehicles, drones and helicopters.
Police have been criticised for injuring protesters with heavy-handed tactics.
Many of the demonstrations have been marred by violence, much of it committed by masked rioters not supporting the demands of students or workers.
Authorities in the western region of Brittany said that “masked individuals” tried to block roads in the city of Rennes on Thursday. Young people, often accompanied by adults, committed “serious acts of violence”, including throwing steel balls at police.
In a joint statement, France’s main unions warned that the country is on the brink of recession and that lay-off plans are multiplying.
“Fuel, food products, rent, gas, electricity… everything’s going up except wages and pensions,” they said.
France is mired in debt and is one of the worst economic performers in Europe, along with Italy and Belgium.
The unions put President Emmanuel Macron’s government and employers on notice.
“Anger is immense,” they said. “The situation in this country is fragile. The pressing social and environmental challenges must be addressed without delay.”
Before the strike action, the government had been negotiating with unions — a familiar scenario in French politics — in hopes of limiting the rioting, which has resulted in France’s worst civil unrest in years.
The movement grew from a protest over staff shortages at one school south-east of Paris in September and spread nationwide, attracting students demanding more education funding and workers seeking help with soaring fuel and other costs and demanding better pensions.
The rallies come as the election campaign to replace Mr Macron as president next May heats up, and parties have been taking political advantage of the movement.
Mr Macron is constitutionally barred from seeking a third consecutive presidential term. Far-right candidate Marine Le Pen is the favourite to win.
Some of the candidates, including veteran far-left and anti-capitalist firebrand Jean-Luc Melenchon, have radical solutions, but they appear difficult to put in place, according to Paul Smith, associate professor of French history and politics at the University of Nottingham in England.
“There is a sense of absolute frustration at the government’s failure to operate,” Mr Smith told the Associated Press. “Whoever wins the presidential election is going to have a stack of problems to cope with.”
He added: “It’s very difficult to see exactly where things go.”
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